Since the birch is a pioneer species, this gives it a symbol of rebirth, new beginnings, and growth. It is a sacred tree in Celtic mythology and is believed to have protective influences. Birches are hardy, fast growing and most require moist, sandy, loamy soil for their firm growth. Birches are rare deciduous trees that make an impact in the landscape with their striking white bark, which creates visual appeal even when the foliage is gone. The birch grows as a sturdy tree, or smaller sapling, high in the mountains, or in the north, in cooler climates. They are loved for their handsome bark, colourful leaves and impressive height.
Two species of birch grow in Slovakia, the overhanging birch and the felted birch. The bark is brown when young and on the twigs, later turning into a white, transversely peeling birch bark, which is an invaluable aid in building a fire in nature. The birch needs plenty of light and space to grow, so it grows mainly in light woods. In addition to Europe, birch forests are also found in abundance in western Asia.
Birch wood is slightly hard, medium in weight and easy to work, which is its advantage. It bears a striking resemblance to beech wood, but is lighter and smoother in comparison. Birch wood does not have a very pronounced grain, the pores are not visible to the naked eye. The wood does not form a true heartwood and is whitish. Despite its positive properties, birch wood is still the most commonly used firewood. In recent years, however, there has been a growing trend towards its use in the furniture industry. This is mainly due to its relatively low price and good mechanical properties. Birch wood is also used for flooring and children's toys. It is sensitive to humidity and should therefore be used mainly indoors. It is not very suitable for outdoor use.
In the past, acylpyrine was produced from birch bark. A decoction of birch bark acts in the same way as acylpyrine - reduces fever, relieves pain. Birch bark extract is still used today to make some shampoos. The leaves are diuretic and disinfectant without irritating the kidneys. The leaves are therefore an essential ingredient in urological tea mixtures for the treatment of the urinary tract and bladder, they also help in the removal of kidney stones. Birch tar is often used in dermatology, against rashes.
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