In our conditions, in ancient times, nature functioned without significant human influence, and the territory was covered by forests, largely spruce, which results in the fact that it is probably the oldest tree species. There are about 40 different species of spruce worldwide, growing in lowland and mountain areas. Together with pine and birch, it is one of the trees that grow in the northernmost part of the hemisphere. The best known of these is the Norway spruce. The trunks of spruces are straight and long, the crowns dense and narrow. The cones are nearly ten centimetres long with rounded scales.
Spruces grow fast and the use of the wood is quite diverse. As a result, spruce wood is used in large quantities for industrial production and in construction. Spruces, which are used for pulp, paper and sawn timber, are the most important commercial conifers. They grow to a height of 30 to 50 metres. Individual trees can grow for up to 600 years, but are usually felled when they are 100-120 years old.
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Before the time of accurate botanical classification, all conifers were known as fir trees. Therefore, spruce is still often known as red fir. Depending on the angle of the cut, either a clear striped pattern or a cross section is visible. Depending on the location and growth, the width of the summer rings and also the density of the wood varies. Wide rings equate to a lower density, which means that such wood has a lower strength. High-density timber is used in heavily loaded buildings. The wood is light and soft, yet relatively light in weight and has good elastic properties. It is not prone to twisting and remains stable after drying. Its durability can be further extended by applying a protective coating.
Spruce wood is easy to work with tools and machines. It is great to saw, plane, drill, sand and mill. Joints are made with nails, screws or glue. Spruce wood is available as logs and sawn timber, as well as laminated timber and veneer. It excels in interior accessories, but is also used in the production of wood composite materials.
Finally, one more interesting fact, from spruce shoots of twigs, which are collected in the spring months, it is possible to make spruce honey, which is extremely healthy even for children, it is used the same as bee honey, separately on a spoon or in tea.
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